Patient Class ACTIVE
Elements for which the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action.
| Element | Class(es) | Gloss / Clarification | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| -abend* | rel dat pa | To receive the ability to do the action described by the source base. | |
| -abolv* | rel abl pa | To lose the ability to do the action described by the source base. | |
| adipend* | v: dat pa | To gain body fat. | |
| adipolv* | v: abl pa | To lose body fat. | |
| ækwift* | abs cau pa | To equalize, balance. | Equality |
| ærend* | dat pa | To receive air or gas. | |
| ærolv* | abl pa | To be deprived of air (by/from), suffocate. | |
| æroft* | cau pa | To become gas, vaporize, sublimate. | Vaporization |
| ævolv* | abl pa | To lose time (from/by), run out of time. | Time |
| -akim* | abs pa | Raised by, reared by. | Names, Titles and Greetings |
| akend* | unb pos rel dat pa | To become sharp (by/from). | Sharpness |
| neakift* | rel cau pa | To lose sharpness (by/due to), become blunt (by/due to). | |
| aktend* | dat pa | To receive radiation, be irradiated. | Radioactivity |
| akwolv* | abl pa | To dehydrate, dry out. | Dryness |
| albift* | rel cau pa | To become pale (from/by). | Achromatism |
| alift* | abs cau pa | To become an adult, grow up. | Adulthood |
| almend* | dat pa | To learn (from), be educated (by). | Learner |
| -amos* | fig abs pa | "Carried, raised, established." Can refer to transportation in general but can carry connotations of salvation. | |
| amt* | pa | Loved, beloved. None. | Friendship |
| aqorift* | cau pa | Hired, employed, rented (by/from). |
To add an element page to this list, tag with "class:pa" (See Usage of Tags in This Wiki.)
Details and Notes]]
Agency
In linguistics, a grammatical agent is the cause or initiator of an event. The word agent is also used in this manner in Hilinqwo. Note that the agent is not necessarily the subject of the sentence. Consider the two sentences:
Kanos edit karnom. Dogs eat meat.
Karnos edtit kanom. Meat is eaten by dogs.
In both statements, kan* ("dog") is the agent. Karn* ("meat") is the patient. The voice used reflects the direction of agency. The first sentence is of the active voice: The subject is the agent and the direct object is the patient. The second sentence uses the passive voice: The subject is the patient and the direct object is the agent.
Hilinqwo also recognizes the following aspects of agency:
| Instrument | The means by which the indicated action or situation takes place. Usually something discrete and tangible. | dis tg |
|---|---|---|
| Intent | The ends of the action or situation. | dis itg |
| Result | The tangible product or result of the indicated action or situation. | tg |
| Facility | The location where the indicated action or situation takes place. | dis tg |
| The reason for the action. | dis itg |
The groups of the Agency supergroup are mutually exclusive.
Thesaurus
| Name | Gloss |
|---|---|
| Booty | Dative patient of stealing. |
| Cargo | Patient of transportation. |
| Contents | Object of containment. Subject of presence within a container. |
| Core | Subject of centrality. |
| Decrement | Patient of deduction. |
| Dupe | Patient of deception. Person who acts, believe or trust too readily, especially without proper or adequate evidence or reason. Agent of credulity. |
| Enema | Insertion of liquid into one's body via the rectum. Object of involuntary or compulsive insertion. |
| Formation | Reception of form. |
| Goal | Object of intention. |
| Idea | Discrete object of thought. |
| Idol | Object of idolatry. |
| Keep | Patient of restraint. |
| Laughingstock | Object and cause of ridicule. |
| Learning | Passive education. |
| Liege | Object of obedience. |
| News | Object of disclosure. |
| Object of Acquisition | |
| Object of Desire | |
| Object of Giving | |
| Opponent | Target of antagonism. |
Subgroups
| Abbreviation | Name | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| abl-pa | Ablative Passive-Transitive Subclass | |
| dat-pa | Dative Transitive-Passive Subclass |
Roots
| Element | Class(es) | Gloss / Clarification | Taxonomy |
|---|
To add an element page to this list, tag with "class:pa" (See Usage of Tags in This Wiki.)
